PLC emergence, the development of the environment and its change brings to the industrial control

With the continuous development of computer control technology, the application of programmable controller has been widely spread and become an important automation technology. Programmable controller first appeared in the United States, in 1968, the American carmaker general motors ( GM) Put forward the development of a new type of controller, and puts forward a new generation of controller from the Angle of users should have the following ten conditions: ( 1) Programming is simple, can modify the program at the scene; ( 2) Easy maintenance, it is best to plug-in; ( 3) Reliability is higher than the relay control cabinet; ( 4) Volume smaller than that of relay control cabinet; ( 5) Data can be directly into the management computer; ( 6) On costs to compete with relay control cabinet; ( 7) Input can be ac 115 v ( With America's power grid voltage) ; ( 8) Output for ac 115 v, 2 a) above, can direct drive solenoid valve; ( 9) In extension, the original system only need a small changes; ( 10) At least could extend to the user program memory capacity of 4 KB. The condition is raised, immediately caused a development boom. In 1969, the United States, digital equipment corporation ( 12月) Developed the world's first programmable controller, and applied to the production line of general motors. At the time called PLC (programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器) , the purpose is to replace relay, to perform logic, timing, counting and sequence control function. Followed by MODICON company also developed the controller with the same name in the United States, in 1971, introduced the new technology from the United States, Japan, soon became the first programmable controller in Japan. In 1973, western European countries have developed their first programmable controller. With semiconductor technology, especially the development of the microprocessor and microcomputer technology, by the mid 70 s, especially into the 80 s, the PLC controller has been widely using 16-bit or 32-bit microprocessor as the CPU, input and output module and peripheral circuit are adopted, mass, and even in very large scale integrated circuit, PLC in concept, design, cost performance and application has the new breakthrough. At this time of the PLC controller is not only a logic function, also have the function of data processing, PID control and data communication, called the programmable controller ( 可编程序控制器) More appropriate, referred to as the PC, but personal computers (in order to Persona1电脑) Hereinafter referred to as distinguished from the PC, generally will it PLC (for short 可编程逻辑控制器) 。 PLC is the microcomputer technology with the traditional relay - The combination of the contactor control technology, the basic design idea is to put the computer function is perfect, and the advantages of flexible, general and relay control system of simple, easy to operate, combine the advantages of cheap, the hardware of the controller is a standard, generic. According to the actual application objects, the control content into software into the controller of the user program memory. Relay control system for hundreds of years of history, it is the weak current signal control system control method, the complex of relay control system, the failure to find and rule out difficult, time is long, seriously affect the industrial production. In the case of process requirement change, control components and wiring needs to be contained in the corresponding change, modification, long period, high cost, so that users would rather also produced a new cabinet. Overcomes relay and PLC Contactor control system of mechanical contact wiring complex, high reliability, low power consumption, the poor generality and flexibility, make full use of the advantages of the microprocessor, and the link controller and the controlled object is convenient. Since the PLC is composed of microprocessor, memory and peripheral devices, so should belong to the category of industrial control computer. For users, programmable controller is a non-contact equipment, the change process can change the production process, so if use programmable controller in preliminary design stage, can make it simple easy to find the design and debugging. From the point of view, the production of the programmable controller manufacturers in the manufacturing stage don't need a specially designed controller according to the user's orders, is suitable for mass production. Due to these characteristics, the advent of programmable controller soon was welcomed by the industry control, and to get rapid development. At present, the programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, has been widely used. Our country also began to develop from 1974 programmable controller, in 1977 began to industrial applications. At present it has been widely used in building automation, home automation, commercial, public utilities, testing equipment and areas such as agriculture, and emerged a large number of application of the programmable controller of new equipment. To master the working principle of the programmable controller design, debugging and maintenance of the control system of programmable controller, has become a modern industrial electrical technicians and the basic requirements for engineering students.
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