Overview - about SCADA/DCS and PLC Industrial control -

Industrial control system ( ICS) Is a generic term that covers a variety of types of control systems, including supervisory control and data acquisition ( SCADA） Systems, a distributed control system ( DCS） , and other smaller control system configuration, such as often used in the industrial sector and critical infrastructure skid installation of programmable logic controller ( PLC controller） 。 ICS are usually used in electric power, water conservancy, oil and gas, chemical, transportation, pharmaceutical, paper pulp, food and beverage and discrete manufacturing ( For example, automotive, aerospace and durable goods) And paper industries.

control system for always attaches great importance to the U. S. critical infrastructure is very important to the operation of the interconnected and interdependent system. It is important to note that about 90% of the country's critical infrastructure is privately owned and operated. Federal agencies also run many of the industrial process; Other examples include air traffic control and material handling ( For example, the postal service mail processing) This section provides the SCADA, DCS and PLC system, including the typical architecture and components.

SCADA/overview of DCS and PLC controller

SCADA system is highly distributed system, often used in the control of assets geographically dispersed, scattered over thousands of square kilometers, including centralized data acquisition and control is crucial to system operation. They are used in water distribution system, such as water distribution and wastewater collection system, oil and gas pipelines, power grid and the railway transportation system.

a long SCADA control center for centralized monitoring communication network on the spot, including monitoring alarm and status data processing. Based on the information received from the remote station, automation or the operator can be driven monitoring commands pushed to the remote station control equipment, commonly referred to as field device. Control field devices such as local open and close the valve and the operation of the circuit breaker, collect data from the sensor system, and monitoring alarm condition of local environment.

DCS is used to control the industrial processes, such as power generation, refining of oil and gas, water and wastewater treatment, as well as chemical, food and car production.

DCS integration as a control framework that contains multiple integration subsystems supervision level of control they are responsible for control the details of the localization process. Product and process control is usually by deploying feedback or feedforward control ring, key products and/or process conditions remain near the required set point automatically. Complete the required product and/or process tolerances in the designated near the set point of the specific programmable controller ( PLC） PLC is used in the field, on the proportion, integral and/or difference set has been adjusted to provide the desired tolerance disorder during the correction rate and process. Using DCS widely based on the process industry.

solid state of PLC is based on computer equipment, used for control of industrial equipment and process. Is the whole SCADA and PLC and DCS system used in the control system components, they are usually small control system configuration, the main components used to provide a regulatory control car assembly line and power plants sootblower discrete process control, etc. PLC is widely applied to almost all industrial processes.

based on the process of manufacturing usually use two main processes: continuous manufacturing process. These processes run continuously, usually transition to make different grades of products. Typical continuous manufacturing process including the fuel or the steam flow in the power plant, the oil refineries, and chemical factory in distillation. The batch production process. These processes have different processing steps for a certain amount of material. Have a clear start and end steps, batch process is likely to steady state operation briefly in the intermediate steps.

discrete manufacturing is usually in a single device on a series of steps to create the final product. Electronic and mechanical parts assembly and parts processing is a typical example of this industry. Based on the process and discrete industries are using the same type of control system, sensor and network. Some facilities is a combination of discrete and based on the manufacturing process. Although used in distribution and manufacturing in the operation of the control system in very similar, they are different in some ways. Main difference is that DCS or PLC control subsystem is usually located in relatively narrow plant or plant as the center of the region, compared with regional dispersed SCADA field. DCS and PLC communication commonly used local area network ( LAN） Technology is usually more reliable and high speed SCADA system using long-distance communication system.

in fact, the SCADA system is specially designed for handling long-distance communication challenges such as delay and loss of data by the use of a variety of communication media. DCS and PLC system usually adopt a greater degree of closed-loop control than the SCADA system, because of the industrial process control are usually more complex than distribution process supervision and control. Consider these differences is very low, the scope of this document is focused on information technology ( 它) The integration of the system security. In the rest of this document, SCADA system, DCS and PLC system will be referenced.

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