Five major part of the universal PLC hardware

Universal PLC hardware structure is shown in figure 1, it is a universal programmable controller, mainly by the central processing unit CPU, memory, input/output ( I / O) Module and power supply. Figure 1 general-purpose PLC hardware structure within the host through a bus connection between the parts. The bus into the power bus, control bus, address bus and data bus. The effect of each part are as follows: ( 1) Central processing unit CPUPLC CPU and general microcomputer CPU, is the core part of the PLC, it according to the function of PLC controller system program in giving, receiving and storage type in the user program and data from the programmer; By scanning way to track the status of field input device of all kinds of signals or data, and deposited in the status register or register of data input process; Diagnosis of power supply and working state of circuit inside the PLC and programming in the process of grammatical errors, etc. ; After the PLC into the running state, from storage to read the user program, a detailed after command to explain, as stipulated in the order of tasks to produce the corresponding control signal, to open/close the control circuit; Time-sharing, channel to perform data access, transmit, combination, comparison and transformation, to complete the logical operation specified in the user program or arithmetic tasks such as; According to the results of the operation state of updates on logo position and output the contents of the status register, again by the state or output status register data register the relevant content of output control, tabulating printing, data communications, and other functions. This is done under the control of CPU. Commonly used PLC CPU mainly adopts general microprocessor, microcontroller, or bipolar slice decay processor. ( 2) Memory storage ( Hereinafter referred to as memory) , used to store data or programs. It includes random access memory ( RAM) And read only memory ( ROM） 。 PLC system program memory and user memory, respectively to the storage system program and user program. System program memory used to store a monitor, modular application function subprogram and various system parameters, such as general use EPROM; User program memory used for storing user program of ladder diagram and so on, generally use RAM, if the program does not change frequently, can also be written to an EPROM; Size in bytes of memory. The content of the system program memory can't direct access by the user. Therefore generally listed in the product sample memory type and capacity, is refers to the user program memory. ( 3) Input/output ( I / O) I/O module is at the scene of the CPU and I/O devices or other external devices the connection between the components. PLC provides a variety of operation level and output drive ability of I/O module for users to choose. I/O module with anti-jamming performance, and insulation with the outside world as a result, most of them adopt photoelectric isolation circuit, eliminate jitter circuit, multilevel filter and other measures. I/O modules can be made into all kinds of standard module, according to the input and output points to increase or decrease and combination. The I/O module also equipped with various leds to indicate various running state. ( 4) Power supply PLC is equipped with a switch stabilized voltage supply power supply module, used for internal power supply circuit of PLC. ( 5) Programmer programming role for households, editing, debugging, and monitoring, can also to call through the keyboard and display and some internal state of PLC system parameters. It passes through the interface contact with CPU, to complete the man-machine dialogue. Simple and smart two programmer. Online programming, simple type programmer can only through a dedicated interface connected to the PLC. Intelligent programmer can online and offline programming programming, also with remote from the PLC in the control station of the corresponding programming interface. Intelligent programmer has many different application software package, the function is all ready, to adapt to the method of programming languages and also more.
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